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Archive for September, 2011

Tuesday, September 13th, 2011

Freddie Mac finalized requirements for a new modification option that will be made available to qualified borrowers on Oct. 1.

Mortgage servicers must evaluate borrowers deemed ineligible for the larger Home Affordable Modification Program for the new "Standard Modification" beginning in January. Trial period plans can begin in October. Through the new program the borrower's principal and interest payments drop at least 10%, according to Freddie.

Since March 2009, servicers granted roughly 791,000 permanent HAMP modifications and extended more than 1.6 million trials through the national program. But servicers canceled more than 763,000 trials because of redefault, not enough documentation or the borrower did not meet the requirements.

In order for a borrower to qualify for a standard modification, he or she must be at least 60 days delinquent. If they've missed fewer payments or are current, he or she must be an owner-occupant, in imminent default and provide a hardship document.

The borrower must have already been evaluated for HAMP within 12 months of the Standard Modification. Mortgages on homes without an owner-occupant can be eligible, even vacant homes that cannot be condemned.

The loan-to-value ratio of the mortgage must also be greater than 80%.

Servicers will receive $1,600 for each modification completed before the loan slips into 120-day delinquency. They get $1,200 for a modified mortgage between 120- and 210-days behind. For standard modifications completed after 210 days of missed payments, the servicer gets $400 from Freddie.

The standard modification program will fall under the joint servicing alignment initiative launched in April.

Write to Jon Prior.

Follow him on Twitter @JonAPrior.

Tuesday, September 13th, 2011

The menu in the canteen at HousingWire lists a special breakfast offer. Now, for only $1.39 (plus tax), any member of our staff can get a full breakfast of one biscuit smothered in gravy.

This is very likely the largest indicator that I've seen that shows the economic recovery is likely to get worse before it gets better.

The notion that Americans need more bargains is nothing new.

As James Sweeney, an analyst for the global fixed income division of Credit Suisse (CS: 26.64 -0.26%) put it, "deleveraging has become a household word."

And now that it is a household world, we can expect an ongoing trend. Americans are going to continue to deleverage. The economy cannot be willed into gear via increased consumption simply because Americans have no choice but to spend less and less and less.

"Declining U.S. debt is a consequence of bad housing loans made from 2004 to 2007, not voluntary deleveraging," Sweeney said. "The situation is far from ubiquitous: The U.S. household sector as a whole can handle its debt. It might even be underleveraged."

Come again? Deleveraging Americans may be underleveraged?

What Sweeney suggests is a return to higher levels of borrowing for the next decade to serve as an economic stimulus.

It's a simple notion, but one Americans will be unwilling to capitalize upon.

For one, consider the negative headline risk facing the nation. The American head of credit research at Société Générale, Roger Horn, recently revised expectations for the nation's gross domestic product for the next two years.

GDP growth for 2011 is now forecast at 1.6%, down from Horn's team original estimate of 2.7%. SocGen also recently lowered its 2012 GDP growth forecast to 1.8% from 3.1%.

Not pretty.

Capital Economics counters the spend-to-recover argument easily in its outlook report for the U.S.

"Lower borrowing costs won't boost consumption much when the price of credit is not the problem," analysts at the Toronto-based firm said.

"Instead, the previous sharp fall in equity prices, the continued decline in house prices and the still high unemployment rate have significantly reduced the ability and willingness of households to borrow," according to Capital Economics.

What's missing is housing policy that appreciates why the average American wants to pay $1.39 cash for a biscuit and gravy breakfast, as opposed to putting it on a credit card. There is a clear lack of incentives for the public to do anything but retrench.

There are no caps on landlords raising rents. There appears to be little chance of a tax break. Contention over the debt ceiling created political risk for any further stimulus package. House prices edge lower, wages are soft, jobs growth nonexistent.

And as more regulations come into force, the lending environment for consumers is likely to grow even more restricted over the next years. There will be an end to the misery one day, to be sure.

But this day will come sooner if the markets are allowed to operate in a regulatory environment growing less restrictive, not more.

Did Dodd-Frank serve to extend economic hardships for Americans? We could answer that if anyone with political will in Washington will join us for a biscuit.

Write to Jacob Gaffney.

Follow him on Twitter @jacobgaffney.

Tuesday, September 13th, 2011

Consumer advocate and former White House official Elizabeth Warren will announce on Wednesday that she is running for the United States Senate seat currently held by Scott Brown (R-Mass.), a close source tells The Huffington Post.

The announcement will not come as a surprise, as Warren has spent the last few weeks traveling across Massachusetts and speaking at several high-profile political events as part of a statewide listening tour. Still, her formal entrance into the race is likely to be cheered by progressives and national Democrats alike, as Warren is both beloved by the base and represents one of the party's best chances to unseat Brown.

Tuesday, September 13th, 2011

More banks based in the United States will establish covered bond programs to fund future mortgages on the perception of less risk and still lingering uncertainty over private and agency securitization markets, according to Moody's Investors Service.

New covered bond frameworks could take the place of mortgage-backed securities issued by either the government-sponsored enterprises or the private market. The House Financial Services Committee cleared legislation in July from Reps. Scott Garrett (R-N.J.) and Carolyn Maloney (D-N.Y.) establishing regulatory guidelines for covered bonds.

"New covered bonds in the U.S. will also not have the low quality assets that were common in pre-crisis residential mortgage-backed securities." Moody's said in a research note released Tuesday. "We expect future U.S. covered-bond deals will have much less market risk following a bank default than pre-crisis U.S. covered bonds because we assume future covered bond legislation will establish mechanisms permitting liquidation of a portion of the pool over a period of time."

Standard & Poor's analysts said Tuesday mortgage covered bonds globally are "booming." Roughly $164 billion in jumbo issuance appeared in the first seven months of 2011. However, they are not wholly risk free.

"S&P believes that the common perception of mortgage covered bonds as a homogeneous and universally low risk product is misleading," analysts at the credit-rating agency said. "The characteristics of individual mortgage covered bonds are not only diverse, but can change over time. Credit enhancement levels, the degree of asset-liability mismatch (ALMM), and collateral performance all vary."

After a bank failure, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. could allow an entire pool to be liquidated in a short amount of time or pay the covered bond holders damages limited to the market value of those pools, likely at highly discounted prices during times of crises. This market risk is not as extreme in Europe, Moody's said, as governments often allow only a portion of the pool to be sold over a longer period of time. However, the FDIC is said to be lobbying against the passage of the Covered Bond Act, as it would wish to hold unconditional recourse to assets in the case of a bank failure.

Moody's analysts said future covered bond deals would hold stronger collateral. Banks will have 100% skin-in-the-game and hold the loans on their balance sheets. Future legislation, analysts said, should require the covered bond regulator to set minimum credit quality standards.

"The absence or contraction of other forms of financing will likely encourage more banks to issue covered bonds than before the crisis, assuming legislation reduces the market risk feature," Moody's said. "Uncertainty about the future availability of GSE and private-label securitization will encourage more banks to establish covered bond programs to expand their financing alternatives."

Write to Jon Prior.

Follow him on Twitter @JonAPrior.

Tuesday, September 13th, 2011

Doug Elmendorf, the director of the Congressional Budget Office, warned the newly formed deficit reduction committee Tuesday that if it elects to cut spending or raise taxes too quickly, the still struggling economy could be slowed even further.

Congress formed the so-called "super committee" to find at least $1.5 trillion in deficit reductions over the next 10 years in exchange for raising the debt ceiling this summer. Members are charged with finding either enough spending cuts, new revenues or a combination of both before triggering roughly $1.2 trillion in more immediate spending cuts if a deal is not reached by the end of the year.

The committee met Tuesday for the first time. While some on the committee stuck to preconceived stances such as refusing to raise taxes or cut certain entitlements, others urged members to find some common ground and make deep, long-term changes to reduce the $14.6 trillion in U.S. debt.

The timing, however, could prove tricky. Since early July, economic growth for the rest of 2011 will likely be weaker than previously anticipated. According to the CBO revision, growth may fall to roughly 1.5% this year and 2.5% in 2012.

"If economic growth occurs at the slow pace that CBO anticipates, a large portion of the economic and human costs of the recession and slow recovery remains ahead," Elmendorf said in testimony.

Between late 2007 and mid-2011, the difference between GDP and estimated potential GDP totaled roughly $2.5 trillion, Elmendorf said, adding that by the time the country's output rises back to its potential level, which may take several years, the shortfall could reach about $5 trillion.

"Not only are the costs associated with the output gap immense, but they are also borne unevenly, falling disproportionately on people who lose their jobs, who are displaced from their homes, or who own businesses that fail," Elmendorf said.

He said cutting spending or increasing taxes over time could lead to more growth in the debt, while more abrupt cuts or raises would give people, businesses and governments little time to adjust.

"In addition, and particularly important given the cur- rent state of the economy, immediate spending cuts or tax increases would represent an added drag on the weak economic expansion," Elmendorf said.

Elmendorf added: "In our analysis, to provide the greatest boost to the economy now would be to cut taxes or increase spending in the immediate term, then in longer term cut spending or increase taxes."

What wasn't up for debate during the committee hearing was the scale of the problem. In June 2011, the U.S. public debt was projected to reach 84% of GDP in 2035 under current law.

If provisions of the 2010 tax act are extended, then, in order to reduce the debt to 61% of GDP by 2021, the committee would have to find $6.2 trillion of deficit reduction over the next 10 years, Elmendorf said, not the $1.5 trillion targeted.

Write to Jon Prior.

Follow him on Twitter @JonAPrior.

Tuesday, September 13th, 2011

As foreclosures and short sales made up a shrinking share of local home sales, home prices in Orlando jumped 15% in August from a year earlier.

The Orlando metro area’s median price for August was $115,000, up 21.2% from January and 15.1% from August 2010, according to a report from the Orlando Regional Realtor Association.

"A steady rise in the percentage of 'normal' sales — those that are neither bank-owned nor short sales — continues to boost the overall price," said the report.

Those "normal" transactions made up 41% of sales in August, down a percentage point from July. That was the first decline in such sales after they rose for six consecutive months.

Even with prices on the upswing, though, sellers continue to overprice their homes, the report shows. The average home sold for 95% of its listing price in August, after spending an average of 101 days on the market before coming under contract.

Affordability numbers suggest the Orlando market still has a large amount of unmet demand. The area's affordability index rose to 248 in August, showing median income earners make more than twice as much as they need to in order to qualify for a median-priced home.

"Affordability conditions this year have been enormously favorable, but many buyers are being held back because banks are offering financing to only the most highly qualified borrowers and ignoring a large share of otherwise creditworthy buyers," said association Chairman Mike McGraw of McGraw Realty Services, Inc. "Those potential buyers represent the difference between an uneven recovery and a much more robust housing market that in Orlando and even on a national scale could stimulate additional economic activity and create jobs."

The number of Orlando home sales completed in August fell 8.7% to 2,342 from a year earlier, as bank-owned sales fell 51%. Short sales and "normal" sales each rose 32%.

Meanwhile, led by a decline in the number of condominiums for sale, Orlando's for-sale housing inventory fell 39% to 10,055. That put inventory at a 4.29 month supply.

Average interest rates paid by buyers fell to 4.26%, the lowest level since the realtor association began tracking it in 1995.

Write to Liz Enochs.

Tuesday, September 13th, 2011

Default recidivism rates on jumbo and alt-A mortgage loans tracked at similar levels when comparing the first quarter of 2010 to the second quarter of 2011, according to a new report from Bank of America Merrill Lynch (BAC: 7.225 -1.03%).

According to the analysis, the highest levels of recidivism come from mortgages refinanced in 2008, especially in the second half of the year. For both the third and fourth quarter of the year, more than half of the loans redefault after a year. Merrill Lynch defines a mortgage as a redefault when payments are missed for more than 60 days.

Recidivism decreased for loans originated sooner, so the redefault rates will invariably rise as time progresses, though potentially to lesser degree. JP Morgan is also the mortgage servicer with the highest level of recidivism rate among jumbos (click breakdown chart below).

However, any lack of improvement on jumbo loans in terms of recidivism rates on defaulted loans may create a disincentive for the private mortgage market to jump into the segment, especially as conforming loan limits are dropping.

The conforming loan limit currently allows homeowners with mortgages as high as $729,750 to obtain financing guaranteed by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and the Federal Housing Administration. The temporary ceiling on that limit expires Oct. 1, which will push the limit back to $625,500.

Legislation is pending on Capitol Hill that could extend the limit past the expiration date to ensure the jumbo mortgage market has the ability to obtain financing for new mortgages and refinancings.

On the other hand, the subprime re-default rate improved somewhat when comparing the first half of 2011 to last year.

"We think this is partly due to both fewer modifications and servicers taking more care with servicing procedures following discoveries of robo-signing at the end of 2010," Merrill Lynch wrote in its report.

Write to Kerri Panchuk.

Tuesday, September 13th, 2011

Mortgage lender Total Mortgage Services said it received approval from Fannie Mae to sell and service one-to-four family first lien mortgages.

The Milford, Conn.-based lender said it will retain mortgage servicing rights, expand its product offerings and sell and pool loans into mortgage backed securities through its approved relationship with Fannie Mae.

"We are extremely pleased to be an approved seller-servicer with Fannie Mae after going through their rigorous approval process,” said John Walsh, president of Total Mortgage.

"Total Mortgage is committed to delivering the perfect mortgage, not only to our investors, but also to borrowers and this approval will further enhance our pricing advantage, while positioning us to leverage our operational infrastructure to drive our geographic and channel expansion," Walsh said.

Total Mortgage offers 30-year fixed-rate mortgages, FHA-insured loans and adjustable-rate mortgages in 24 states. The agreement with Fannie will be for multifamily housing finance.

The lender has been growing its business in the past few months, announcing in August it would grow product offerings for rural borrowers through the Guaranteed Rural Housing Loan Program. During the summer, the firm said it would hire 50 retail loan officers as it attempts to grow its mortgage retail channel.

Write to Kerri Panchuk.

Tuesday, September 13th, 2011

Nearly 11 million properties, roughly 22.5% of all U.S. homes, were worth less than the underlying mortgage in the second quarter, according to CoreLogic (CLGX: 14.56 +0.62%).

The percentage of properties in negative equity declined slightly from 22.7% the previous quarter and down from 24% one year ago. Another 2.4 million borrowers held less than 5% equity in their home, what analysts call near-negative equity. CoreLogic also showed nearly three-quarters of all underwater borrowers are paying above-market interest on their home loans.

"High negative equity is holding back refinancing and sales activity and is a major impediment to the housing market recovery," said Mark Fleming, CoreLogic chief  economist.

More borrowers could be in danger of falling underwater. JPMorgan Chase (JPM: 37.275 -0.57%) analysts expect home prices to drop another 5% by the beginning of 2012, pushing the amount of underwater borrowers to 15 million, according to a research note released earlier in the month. If prices drop more, possibly 10% further, the number of borrowers in negative equity would approach 20 million.

The Obama administration continues working on a proposal to boost refinancings, which many include eliminating some negative equity restrictions on Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac loans. Some analysts believe such a program would have only modest impact, but CoreLogic showed nearly 28 million outstanding mortgages hold above-market rates and, in theory, should be able to refinance.

Of these, 8 million borrowers are in negative equity.

Some believe the new plan from the administration will be a revamp of the Home Affordable Refinance Program, which allows Fannie and Freddie borrowers with up to 125% LTV to refinance.

But more than 40% of borrowers with LTVs above that limit are trapped with mortgage rates above 6%. Only 17% of borrowers with positive equity have rates at that level.

Negative equity also affects sales. Traditional home sales in areas with low negative equity numbers dropped 61% since the peak in 2005, compared with an 83% drop in areas with more underwater borrowers.

Roughly 60% if borrowers in Nevada were underwater in the second quarter, the highest percentage of any state but down from 68% one year ago. It was followed by Arizona at 49% and Florida at 45%.

"The hardest hit markets have improved over the last year, primarily as a result of foreclosures. But nationally, the level of mortgage debt remains high relative to home prices," CoreLogic said.

Write to Jon Prior.

Follow him on Twitter @JonAPrior.

Tuesday, September 13th, 2011

Peter Wallison of the American Enterprise Institute argued on Capitol Hill Tuesday that any type of government guarantee for mortgage securitizations will wipe out housing innovation, leaving taxpayers on the hook for billions of dollars.

Testifying before the Senate Banking Committee, Wallison, who has been an outspoken critic of the government's role in housing, said a plan outlined by policymakers to only guarantee mortgage backed securities as opposed to issuers would fail to protect taxpayers.

Under this construct, the taxpayers only pick up the bill after an issuer's funds are exhausted, Wallison said.

Still, he argues, taxpayers are already left holding the bag for Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, and it will only get worse if government guarantees remain.

"Without any change in policies and without any further increase in the GSEs' debt, the national debt will reach $30 trillion in 10 years," he said. "With this background, it is hard to believe that there is actually a viable campaign to have the government support the housing market once again."

Wallison went on to criticize the notion housing-related firms deserve more government support than other aspects of the American economy.

"Among the purposes of past government support for the housing market was to assure a steady flow of funds for housing. There is no particular reason why housing — as opposed to any other area of the economy — might require a steady flow of funds," he said. "Automobiles, food and other retailing, mining, high tech and corporate finance generally do not require steady flows of funds and have survived and prospered quite well."

Wallison said this devotion to housing created the bubble by allowing homebuilders to expand faster with government funds flowing into the system.

"This, in turn, encourages speculation and increases the likelihood that housing bubbles will develop," Wallison said. "When these bubbles eventually deflate, the losses they create represent a misallocation of capital that could have been used more efficiently elsewhere. Occasionally, as in 2008, the losses that occur as a result of a bubble's collapse can cause a financial crisis."

Write to: Kerri Panchuk.



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