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Archive for March, 2011

Wednesday, March 16th, 2011

The House of Representatives voted Wednesday to cut the last $1 billion from the Neighborhood Stabilization Program.

In July 2008, the Housing and Economic Recovery Act cleared the Department of Housing and Urban Development to grant $3.9 billion through the first round of NSP. The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 provided another $2 billion through NSP2, and the Dodd-Frank Act in July 2010 cleared another $1 billion through NSP3.

Grantees can use the money to rehab vacant residential properties and resell them, giving owner-occupants up to two weeks to evaluate and bid on the properties ahead of investors. This "First Look" program will cut the REO process, which takes between 75 and 85 days in half.

This is the third program that House Republicans voted to end in the past two weeks. Lawmakers cleared a bill ending the Federal Housing Administration's Short Refi program and another terminating HUD's program to provide mortgage assistance to the unemployed. A bill ending the Treasury Department's Home Affordable Modification Program is scheduled to reach the floor on the week of March 28.

Rep. Gary Miller (R-Calif.) pointed out that grantees were found to be mishandling some of the funds in earlier rounds of NSP and that he would have supported a program that required the money to be paid back to the federal government.

"We did not stop a foreclosure," Miller said. "They do not have to pay it back. (Grantees) can sell those houses to whomever they want to as long as it is less than what they paid for it."

Rep. Barney Frank (D-Mass.) said NSP is not a foreclosure prevention program but rather an initiative to clear out abandoned property with no known owner behind it.

"This is not only about foreclosed property. This is about foreclosed and abandoned property," Frank said. "There is a demonstrable amount of properties in these cities that cannot be traced. Somebody has to demolish property where there is no owner. Those bulldozers cost money. The person driving the bulldozer costs money."

HUD released a statement after the bill was passed, reiterating that the program has made progress.

"The Neighborhood Stabilization Program is investing in hard-hit communities struggling to reverse the effects of the foreclosure crisis," the statement read. "Across the country, this program is already positively impacting property prices and turning houses that would be abandoned back into homes for American families. We cannot afford to turn back the progress we’ve made in these neighborhoods. To cut off funding just as this program is taking root would be counterproductive."

While Frank said the remaining $1 billion should be taken from the largest financial institutions and hedge funds to rehab properties through the NSP, Republicans added an amendment that would repurpose the $1 billion to pay down the U.S. deficit.

"It's not time to amend and pretend. It's time to end," Miller said.

Still, sources in the Senate have said the bills ending these programs will be "dead on arrival." The Obama administration has also said it will veto the bills should they reach the president's desk. 

Write to Jon Prior.

Follow him on Twitter: @JonAPrior

Wednesday, March 16th, 2011

Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac should be exempt from upcoming risk-retention rules while in conservatorship, a source familiar with the matter said Wednesday.

The Dodd-Frank Act requires federal banking regulators to set a new qualified residential mortgage standard. Lenders will be required to retain 5% of the credit risk on any mortgages written outside of these guidelines.

A source at one banking regulator said the latest word is that Fannie and Freddie would not have to retain this risk as long as they remain in conservatorship. How long that will be is up in the air. The two companies are still experiencing losses, and the recent report to Congress from the Treasury Department urged winding down these companies steadily over the next five to seven years.

While Fannie and Freddie are not lenders, they provide guidance on what loans they will finance as investors. Currently, Fannie, Freddie or the Federal Housing Administration back more than 95% of all mortgages being written in the U.S.

One possible threshold for a QRM will be the down payment. Regulators are currently mulling a possible 20% down payment standard for these loans, meaning that for any loans made with less than 20% down, banks are required to retain the risk.

Regulators are still hammering out the details of the QRM rules. Sources say the agencies are shooting to get the proposal out by the April 8 deadline set by the Dodd-Frank Act.

Write to Jon Prior.

Follow him on Twitter: @JonAPrior

Wednesday, March 16th, 2011

The argument on yield spread premium is, at best, a circular one.

In reality, it's a procyclical distraction from the very real fact the mortgage finance system is now designed to put an end to mortgage brokers as we know them.

On Tuesday, HousingWire published an op-ed from our frequent columnist Rick Grant. In the headline, he asks "What’s our message about loan officer compensation?" Let's be clear, when our columnists say "ours," they mean from their own perspective.

Indeed, many letters to the editor Wednesday pointed to Grant's unfortunate run in with a bad broker on a second lien as a primary reason for an attack on loan officers.

I don't think this is the case. And I don't think arguing provides anything more than a distraction to the fact that the hopes of mortgage brokers are fading fast.

And let's look at who is in their corner. The National Association of Mortgage Brokers and the National Association of Independent Housing Professionals both sued the Federal Reserve for its final rule on loan originator compensation and yield spread premium disclosure under Regulation Z, coming into force in about two week's time.

(The Federal Reserve is hosting a webinar tomorrow on Regulation Z, the slides from which can be previewed by clicking here.)

On Tuesday, House Financial Services Committee, Chairman Spencer Bachus sent a letter to Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke, asking for an extension the implementation date of the loan originator compensation rule.

The letter notes that industry members complain that the final regulation is “intentionally vague,” and the Board refused to provide formal guidance and Fed staff provide different interpretations of its meaning, according to law firm Patton Boggs.

Broker reaction to Regulation Z is predictable: "Small shops like mine are being told by some lenders how we can pay our loan officers," said Naomi Farley a mortgage broker at Pasedena, Calif.-based Mortgage Resources. "What other business is told how to pay their independent contractors?"

"We are brokers paying salespeople, just like Realtors are brokers paying salespeople," she added. "They are not being told their people have to be hourly or salaried, as some banks have interpreted 'the final rule' to say. Needless to say, the Fed attorney who wrote this rule seems to be all powerful and overruling the IRS, and largely unavailable for discussion."

But the interesting issue, one the trade groups are hoping on, is that lender-originated loans don't need to follow the same yield spread premium disclosure.

So, it is clear that the playing field is uneven. And the game is one-sided.

Take for example the judge consolidating the two lawsuits into one (NAMB will challenge this). That is a clear move of the "us against them" attitude that prevails against brokers.

"The Fed has unlimited resources while NAMB and NAIHP are fighting for members in a constantly constricting space," said one source in the middle of the fight. "Do the math: there aren't too many brokers left, almost no bad brokers, and what's left the Fed wants out of business."

"And while the trade groups fight, mom-and-pop brokers are going out of business right now," the source told HousingWire.

Marc Savitt, the president of the NAIHP, estimates brokers are involved in only 10% of mortgage originations today. "That's because there have been rumors, there has been speculation, but there is no proof that YSP is a tool for the inherent victimization of consumers," he said.

"The consumer has a right to see every aspect of their loan," he said, in reference to the uneven application of Reg Z disclosure. "And frankly vilifying YSP is getting a little old."

I could not immediately verify Savitt's claim that loans are usually cheaper when one goes through a broker than when using a lender. But it's hard not to see the regulations as inadvertently anti-capitalist. But, today, most regulation seems to be a gift to the biggest lenders and players.

Comments Wednesday by Elizabeth Warren from the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau are promising for brokers. She described talking to those who put together mortgage loans and seemed sincerely sympathetic to their plight.

The first order of business is to consolidate TILA and RESPA forms. But this, too, is a concern. With consolidation as a more common and useful tactic, why do the broker trade groups appear so fractious?

A YouTube video by NAMB Chairman Mike Anderson, appears uncoached and extemporaneous. Blog postings by Savitt move from an adversarial tone to one of clear frustration.

"It has come to my attention certain persons within NAMB, have been insinuating difficulties with our lawsuit against the Fed, because our attorney will be changing law firms," he writes at one point.

"It’s unfortunate; NAIHP must endure continued attacks by some in our own industry," he writes in another post. In yet another, Savitt laments the "mixed messages" Anderson is sending.

Come July 21, the CFPB will be in charge. Whether or not this proves to be a total positive is unclear.

However, suing the Fed over Regulation Z with the April implementation right on top of us feels rushed, confused and uncoordinated.

At what point will any aspect of mortgage finance be able to launch an independent defense of itself?

Keeping in mind all of this is in the context of the editor's chair, look at the trending topics. There is a clear desire to reduce the size of monoliths in the mortgage market: The government-sponsored enterprises, the big four.

The slippery slope is that owners and employees of either the big banks or small mortgage lenders will spend their careers forever toeing middle-market positions.f

The real shame is such unreasonable logic is not outside the realm of possibility.

And speaking on the fading hopes erstwhile, I can't help but wonder how many small brokers went out of business in the time it took to write this column.

Jacob Gaffney is the editor of HousingWire.

Write to Jacob Gaffney.

Follow him on Twitter @JacobGaffney.

Wednesday, March 16th, 2011

The nation's four big banks and seven other financial firms continue to challenge the 2009 restructuring of mortgage insurer MBIA Inc.

Bank of America (BAC: 7.22 -1.10%), JPMorgan Chase (JPM: 37.295 -0.52%), Morgan Stanley (MS: 18.0612 -0.49%), Citi (C: 30.315 -0.21%) and several other plaintiffs filed a brief with New York's highest appellate court this week, appealing a lower court's decision to dismiss the plaintiffs' case against MBIA.

The original complaint accused MBIA of enacting a complex restructuring plan in February 2009 that essentially stripped "$5 billion in cash and securities out of MBIA Insurance to start a new business owned by MBIA," court records say. The plaintiffs contend MBIA did this to shield the mortgage insurer from potential payouts tied to the 2008-2009 economic meltdown.

“This appeal is about whether state regulators can extinguish the substantial claims of victims of a massive fraudulent conveyance by approving MBIA’s restructuring in secret without even consulting policyholders," said Robert Giuffra Jr., an attorney for the financial firms. "We're confident that the court of appeals will uphold the rights of policyholders and reinstate their challenge to MBIA’s fraudulent conveyance."

The complaint accuses MBIA of violating New York creditor and debtor laws when carrying out a restructuring in the midst of "an ongoing financial crisis that has made it increasingly likely that MBIA Insurance will have to pay out billions to plaintiffs and other holders,"court filings say.

However, the case was thrown out in January, resulting in this week's appeal. A separate legal action is challenging the restructuring under New York state's Article 78.

MBIA released a statement Wednesday saying, "As demonstrated by the banks' voluminous filing in the Article 78 proceeding, their rights to challenge the approval of transformation are fully protected.  We believe that the court of appeals will affirm the appellate division's dismissal of the plenary action and its conclusion that the pending Article 78 proceeding is the only appropriate forum for challenging the determination of the New York State Insurance Department."

The lawsuit accuses MBIA of breaching contracts, unjust enrichment and of making fraudulent conveyances.

In the original complaint, the plaintiffs say "instead of sitting down with policyholders to discuss consensual reorganization, defendants designed the fraudulent restructuring in secret."

Write to Kerri Panchuk.

Wednesday, March 16th, 2011

Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. chairwoman Sheila Bair on Wednesday told a sometimes hostile crowd of mostly community bankers that increasing the size and profitability of the financial services industry isn’t and shouldn’t be the goal of financial economic policy.

“In policy terms, the success of financial sector is not an end in itself, it is a means to an end. It is to support the vitality of the real economy,” Bair said to an American Bankers Association conference that sometimes jeered and heckled her. “What really matters to the life of our nation is create more well paying jobs and enable entrepreneurs to create new jobs.”

Bankers at the conference loudly groaned and took issue with her comments that the Dodd-Frank Act is focused mostly on imposing new regulations on big banks and not community institutions.

Wednesday, March 16th, 2011

The National Association of Home Builders released guidance on Chinese drywall remediation Wednesday in hopes of helping remediators, homebuilders and homeowners take care of the issue.

The guidance was compiled by risk analytics firm Marsh Risk Consulting and Maryland-based Building Health Sciences after several months of scientific study. Both entities noted the guidance is only to be used in relation to single-family, detached homes and not for commercial properties.

Defective Chinese drywall and the health problems associated with it have become a major issue in recent years. After Hurricane Katrina hit in 2005, many homes around the Gulf of Mexico were rebuilt using the Chinese material after a shortage in U.S.-produced drywall. As of Jan. 7, there were 3,770 incidents reported of defective drywall, according to the Consumer Product Safety Commission. Florida has the most with 2,137 cases, followed by Louisiana with 704 cases and Alabama with 215.

The NAHB guidance lays out a basic structure and step-by-step framework for dealing with a home potentially infected with problematic drywall. The framework consists of three testing phases, each with a different purpose. The recommended method of testing is an air corrosivity test with a metal probe, according to Barbara Manis, chief medical officer for Building Health Sciences.

This method measures the amount of corrosive substances commonly produced by defective drywall. A probe is the most cost effective and ease-of-use device for this type of testing, Manis said in a teleconference Wednesday afternoon.

The first test calculates the baseline measurement, which is taken after a home has been inspected and classified at potentially hazardous. It must be performed prior to any drywall removal. Following the initial baseline measurement of toxic drywall, a homebuilder or remediator must prepare for deconstruction of the defective property areas by fully documenting the infected drywall, putting all personal property items into storage and putting their plan in writing.

The NAHB advised its members to remove and replace all low-voltage, signal or data wiring, replace switches and receptacles, as well as smoke, fire and carbon monoxide alarms as preparation for the deconstruction process. Lighting fixtures should be inspected for evidence of corrosion, the guidance states, however this hardware can usually be reused after deconstruction.

Builders are advised to remove and replace the coils in all air-handling units and all duct work and sheet metal in the property. All low-voltage signal wire to HVAC controls should also be replaced, the NAHB said.

Actual deconstruction is accomplished in two ways as defined by the NAHB guidance: total and selective. Total remediation refers to removing all drywall products and building systems, including cabinetry, carpeting and plumbing fixtures among many other items. Selective drywall usually refers to old homes that have been remodeled and updated with defective drywall.

"We're not talking about one panel in a room that's next to another non-problematic piece of drywall," commented Katherine Cahill, global product risk practice leader at Marsh Risk Consulting. She was also on the conference call.

The NAHB also released strict guidelines on cleaning a property after the defective drywall has been removed. All building materials must be removed and the floor swept thoroughly. The home should be vacuumed with high efficiency particulate air  filters and afterward blown by large volume fans with HEPA filters, NAHB said. Then a homebuilder is required to use compressed air to "blow down" all surface areas and then air-out the house for at least 14 days.

"I cannot emphasize enough, for all those conducting the remediation process, how important this step is," Cahill said.

It's at this point the remediator does the second test called a clearance measurement. This test ensures no toxic material is left in the home. If the test comes back with an indication of airborne drywall substances still in the home, the cleaning and airing-out processes must be performed again before initiating the rebuild of the property, according to the guidance.

If the clearance measurement indicates no toxic substances, a builder may proceed to build back the rest of the property. He or she performs a third test, known as a re-occupancy measurement, that tests the level of toxic substance in the air after the walls have been built back. This measurement verifies the elimination of defective drywall by associated various airborne compounds.

To see a copy of the guidance in its complete form, click here.

Write to Christine Ricciardi.

Follow her on Twitter @HWnewbieCR.

Wednesday, March 16th, 2011

The Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association pushed back against the proposed settlement between the state attorneys general and mortgage servicers.

SIFMA acknowledged the proposal is in its preliminary stages but warned the terms as they're set now would pose a serious risk to mortgage-backed securities investors who would be forced to absorb losses during extended foreclosure time lines.

"This would further harm their confidence in the private-label securitization markets that are so vital to the nascent economic recovery," SIFMA Executive Vice President Randy Snook said in a statement Wednesday.

The proposal would prohibit practices such as dual-track foreclosures, and would require servicers to put borrowers through modification programs before starting the foreclosure process. A spokesperson for Iowa Attorney General Tom Miller told HousingWire that there have been no face-to-face negotiations with the banks yet. But when the settlement is struck, it would be a legal binding agreement for how these companies would pursue foreclosures in the future.

John Walsh, the acting comptroller of the currency, said in a speech before the American Bankers Association Tuesday that the reforms are necessary for a healthy housing market. Consumer advocates have long argued that servicers need to be held accountable for the foreclosure issues as well.

But SIFMA warned the extended time lines would also saddle the housing economy with more blight and vacant homes, especially with Republicans targeting programs aimed at rehabbing and reselling these properties. The cost of mortgages could go up in the future as well under the proposed agreement, SIFMA said.

Snook added that because of the nature and scope of the reforms, these negotiations should not be taking place in the dark.

"Given the broad impact of this reform, we firmly believe the process of developing broad servicing standards should be open to input from a range of stakeholders," Snook said.

Write to Jon Prior.

Follow him on Twitter: @JonAPrior

Wednesday, March 16th, 2011

Banks relied more heavily on service fees to buoy income levels in 2010 as interest payments on loans declined in the midst of a sluggish lending market, data analysis firm Market Rates Insight said.

The research firm said fees on banking services generated 30.6% of banking revenue in 2010, up from 24.3% in 2007. This transition occurred as  mortgage lending slowed, resulting in a situation where banks are collecting fewer interest payments on loans.

By the end of 2007, interest income on loans made up 75.7% of the banks' total income, compared to 69.4% in late 2010.

"This is a classic Catch-22 scenario for banks," said Dan Geller, executive vice president at Market Rates Insight.

"Soft lending reduces interest income, causing fee income to become a bigger part of total revenues," he said. "Increasing fees to generate revenues can drive some customers away, which reduces the number of potential customers for lending. Smaller customer base reduces interest income further, causing noninterest income to become an even bigger part of total revenues.”

Income generated from loan interest payments fell from $725 billion in 2007 to $537 billion last year, the report concluded.

Write to Kerri Panchuk.

Wednesday, March 16th, 2011

The House of Representatives pushed back its vote on ending the Home Affordable Modification Program because the congressmen could not find time on the floor, according to a spokesperson for the House majority leader Rep. Eric Cantor (R-Va.).

H.R. 839 would end HAMP, a long-time lightning rod from both sides of the aisle since its inception in March 2009. The bill, sponsored by Rep. Patrick McHenry (R-N.C.), is part of a wider initiative by House Republicans who already voted to end the Federal Housing Administration's Short Refi program and the Department of Housing and Urban Development's program to provide mortgage assistance to the unemployed.

Republicans say the government, overburdened with debt, can no longer afford these subsidies. And while Democrats agree that HAMP specifically has underwhelmed so many, they would rather see the Treasury Department take a tougher stance with servicers.

Servicers have started roughly 600,000 permanent modifications in two years for a program originally projected to reach between 3 million and 4 million by the end of 2012. Borrowers complain of lost paperwork and foreclosures taking place while the homeowner is being considered for a modification, and servicers are just now finishing the pricey operation of installing HAMP procedures within their shops.

In its final report on the Troubled Asset Relief Program released Tuesday, the Congressional Oversight Panel said the program, originally billed for $30 billion will end up spending only a fraction of that and HAMP will only reach about 800,000 borrowers by the time it is finished.

COP said when the program was first rolled out, many commented that the 31% debt-to-income ratio benchmark was too "aggressive." Many homeowners cannot qualify because their monthly payments are already below that threshold, and while panelists asked Treasury to lower it, officials have not.

The Obama administration has said the president will veto any bill ending HAMP prematurely, and sources within the Senate said the legislation is "dead on arrival."

"This program offers eligible homeowners an opportunity to lower their mortgage payments, helping individuals avoid foreclosure and leading to the protection of home values and the preservation of homeownership," the Treasury said in a statement released Tuesday. "The administration is committed to helping struggling American homeowners stay in their homes, and has taken many steps over the last two years to stabilize what was a rapidly-declining housing market."

Assistant Treasury Secretary Tim Massad defended the program in a Tuesday briefing with reporters saying Treasury officials currently hold servicers accountable for their performance.

"We are in the servicers' shops all the time, and we force them to make corrections all the time," Massad said.

COP did commend the Treasury for installing additional help around HAMP, such as unemployment assistance through the Hardest Hit Fund and a recent principal reduction initiative. See chart below for a timeline.

But negative equity, delinquencies and foreclosure remain elevated, and the Treasury has experienced problems in balancing the harm to bank balance sheets with better outcomes for homeowners.

"Principal write-downs on a large scale, for example, would help homeowners but hurt the banks. Over the last two years, Treasury has designed housing programs that aim to avoid fully facing this trade-off, by providing assistance to homeowners without restructuring bank balance sheets," COP said in its report. "The limitations of that approach are apparent in the problems that Treasury has encountered."

In the end, Massad said each HAMP permanent modification will cost the government roughly $20,000. And at least for now, the House has put off for another week its decision on whether or not it will continue funding the cause.

Write to Jon Prior.

Follow him on Twitter: @JonAPrior

Wednesday, March 16th, 2011

Banking, brokerage and securities executives are feeling slightly more optimistic than other business leaders about the state of the economy over the next six months, causing an increase in the number of executives that plan to hire more staff.

Nearly three-quarters of banking executives believe the U.S. economy will improve, according to a quarterly survey by Grant Thornton. Comparatively, 64% of executives across all other areas of business believe the economy will improve in the next six months.

Banking leaders are feeling confident about their business, with 85% reporting a "very or somewhat optimistic" view. According to survey results, 45% of banking executives plan to increase staff, while 49% of other business leaders plan to increase staff. The last time the survey was conducted, only 23% reported an intention to increase staff. Only 11% on the most recent survey plan to decrease staff in the coming months, down from 17% in the last quarterly survey.

But Nichole Jordan, national banking and securities industry practice leader at Grant Thornton, said banks are still proceeding cautiously.

"In the aftermath of the downturn, bankers are proceeding with caution, focusing on building up capital and preparing for the costs of compliance with financial reform regulations," Jordan said.

In a more macroeconomic view, banking executives were asked how the federal government should reduce budget deficits. About 78% said spending should be cut, while 22% agreed taxes should be raised.

The Grant Thornton survey was conducted from Feb. 8 to Feb. 23, with 65 senior executives from U.S. banking, investment bank, brokerage, and securities companies.

Write to Christine Ricciardi.

Follow her on Twitter @HWnewbieCR.



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