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Archive for September, 2010

Monday, September 27th, 2010

November’s elections are just 37 days away. So crank up the inanity meter, especially when it comes to foreclosures. I’ve ranted since roughly 2007 that whenever an election is in the offing, and votes are to be had, you can bet on elected officials pandering to troubled homeowners.

And if the Democrats manage to hold onto a few highly contentious seats in the most-heated election races, they may have a completely mismanaged and backwards mortgage servicing industry to thank for it.

This particular election season is now shaping up to be an especially interesting one, ever since Ally Bank (otherwise still known by most as GMAC, majority-owned by none other than the U.S. Treasury) proved last week that despite earlier messes involving assignment and transfers of loans, it’s still more than willing to cut corners and expose itself to headline risk over its mortgage servicing practices.

Something tells me that the bank's executives are now rethinking that strategy.

Robo-signers: paragons of cost cutting

Anyone with experience in the loan servicing trenches probably wasn’t particularly surprised by the revelation that the geniuses running default operations at GMAC Ally had tasked some employees with an impossible job: signing off on tens of thousands of affidavits of debt amounts owed by delinquent borrowers each month, without giving said employees the time they really needed to actually verify the information in the affidavit before signing their names on the dotted line.

This sort of one-sided approach to cost cutting has long been championed and rewarded within the servicing industry. And I’m pretty sure that when consumer attorneys gleefully run in front of the press and accuse other servicers of doing the exact same thing, they’re correct.

What’s amazing to me is that despite a foreclosure mess of historic proportions, banks and their associated servicers still haven’t figured out that headline risk is, in fact, a real risk — or, at least, enough of one to justify senior management meaningfully taking a strong look at how those in default are actually doing their jobs.

Which leads me to some important questions: At what point does it behoove senior management at the board level of a bank to sit “Chainsaw Al” down and explain to him that “streamlining” operations at all costs is actually counterproductive? At what point does a bank’s board decide that default operations are important enough to merit a more substantial investment in people and process, rather than continuing to push default management under the proverbial rug and being content to play whack-a-mole when problems inevitably pop up from below?

And as far as whack-a-moles go, this one is pretty big. California Attorney General Jerry Brown – himself in a close and heated election battle – seized upon the Ally opportunity last week and quickly said he was demanding that the lender demonstrate compliance with state laws or cease and desist from all foreclosures in the state.

"I'm taking this action to protect California homeowners facing the tragedy of foreclosure," Brown said in a statement. "They are clearly in jeopardy since an Ally Financial official admitted his review of thousands of critical foreclosure documents was really a sham."

At what point do managers at a bank begin to realize that the negative press around such stupidity as “robo-signers” in loan servicing will directly affect that bank’s ability to generate revenue on the front end of the mortgage business? Or does Ally prefer to see a shiny, new brand it has invested millions into dragged through the mud in the pages of The Washington Post?

Ally originated $26 billion in home loans during the first half of 2010, and 56% of the company is owned by the U.S. government.

I hope other banks are getting the message, and getting their acts in gear. Because JPMorgan Chase is already seeing itself dragged into this same mess, too – and does Chase Bank really think consumers will ignore this when choosing where to go for a loan?

Still just a legal speed bump

But before we all get carried away here, it’s worth reminding everyone that even the current "robo signer" episode is just the latest speed bump in a much longer road. In 2007, consumer attorneys gained traction with a "produce the note" strategy – an issue that, at the time, had consumer advocates telling the press that thousands of mortgages weren’t valid and the bank couldn’t foreclose because it didn’t "own the note."

None of which was really true, as I wrote back then. Since then, consumer attorneys have gone on to challenge the legality of MERS assignments as well, a battle that, I believe, is still largely ongoing.

The issue here isn’t with notes or assignments or recording instruments, but with signed affidavits from a bank. And consumer attorneys are again, somewhat predictably, telling the press that this issue will somehow void the bank’s interest in secured collateral.

From Bloomberg’s latest coverage:

If the documents are shown to be false after a home has already been resold by a bank, that casts doubt on who is the rightful owner, said O. Max Gardner III, an attorney at law firm Gardner & Gardner PLLC in Shelby, North Carolina, who has represented homeowners in fighting foreclosures and has cases pending against JPMorgan.

“I’m sure a lot of title insurance companies are concerned about the potential liability right now,” as borrowers challenge how banks made statements, he said. “The judges could absolutely hold the bank and attorneys in contempt.”

Those are some big claims, but notice the sleight of hand here: Bloomberg moves from an issue involving who is signing affidavits, and how, to an outright assumption that the same affidavits attesting to indebtedness of a borrower are now “false.” Or, at least, that’s the jump that Gardner leads the reporter to make.

Failing to properly verify an affidavit is one thing; having the amount attested to on the affidavit be false is another; and having a false amount on an affidavit render a loan wholly unsecured, as Gardner claims, is entirely another. Ally has gone on record stating that the affidavits in question contained no factual misstatements, a claim that I'm sure will be tested in the courts.

All of which means that procedural sloppiness on the part of bank, while an example of inexcusably bad business practice, isn’t by itself a valid defense against foreclosure. It just means the bank will have to spend more time on the back end crossing proverbial t’s and dotting proverbial i’s. You know, investing more money into that back office.

The management-talent gap

The Ally Financial snafu really underscores a longstanding management and talent gap that exists at “integrated” lender/servicing shops within most depository lenders. I’ve been in this business a long time, and I’ve seen it at every shop I’ve had the opportunity to be a part of or observe.

The loan servicing shop is its own world, with its own management – and none of this management typically has anything to do with the upper management within the banking institution itself. At best, the VPs that manage default only report to whatever management is ultimately responsible for the mortgage business (and this level of management is typically focused on originations and margins therein).

Show me one bank that has a default management executive on its board of directors. You won’t find one.

The reason here isn’t hard to fathom: default management isn’t a moneymaker for any bank, at least in a consolidated sense. (It can actually generate revenue under certain circumstances – a discussion for a different day – but even in the best servicing environment, mortgage loan servicing revenues will be dwarfed by the most modest of origination platforms.)

Given this, the talent gap between the front office and the back end of a mortgage operation can be substantial – the most talented financial minds, and the best trained and most experienced managers, don’t typically find themselves falling into default management as a career. The pay scale simply isn’t there. Banks don’t require future managers to spend time working a turn in default management, either. The Harvard MBAs go elsewhere, and don’t bother themselves with getting their hands dirty on the default side of the business.

In the past, this was acceptable business: defaults were low, staffing needs in default were minimal. And those managers that did decided to make a living in default servicing were largely free to operate as they saw fit, so long as costs were within tight ranges. The management-talent gap didn’t matter.

But the world has changed in a big way from those days. Millions of borrowers are defaulting on their mortgages, and millions more are likely to do so in the next two to three years.

Now, it’s the same management-talent gap that is wreaking havoc for the biggest of banks and their servicers. Some banks – Bank of America comes immediately to mind – have recently been trying to address this problem by shifting their best executives off of the origination business and into default management. That’s a start, but it’s tough to change old ways overnight.

Just ask Ally Financial.

Paul Jackson is the publisher of HousingWire.com and HousingWire Magazine. Follow him on Twitter: @pjackson

Monday, September 27th, 2010

Is one standard better than two, or will something in between suffice? For a window into just how complicated it will be for regulators like the Securities and Exchange Commission to sort out the Dodd-Frank legislation, one need look no further than the debate raging over the regulation of stock brokers at the fall conference of state securities regulators, known as the North American Securities Administrators Association or Nasaa, which began in Baltimore on Sunday.

Monday, September 27th, 2010

A judge refused to dismiss a securities fraud lawsuit accusing American International Group Inc. of misleading investors about its exposure to subprime mortgages, which led to a liquidity crisis and $182.3 billion of federal bailouts.

Monday, September 27th, 2010

George Osborne’s deficit reduction plans were endorsed by the International Monetary Fund on Monday, which predicted the British economy would enjoy a healthy recovery and be able to bring the public finances under control.

Monday, September 27th, 2010

The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation elected to extend safe harbor protection of securitized assets through the end of the year, which at least one observer feels will hinder private-label asset-backed securitization.

Last summer, the Financial Accounting Standards Board changed accounting rules so most securitizations no longer met the off-balance sheet standards for sale accounting and, consequently, don't comply with preconditions for FDIC safe harbor protection. The safe harbor protection was set to expire this week.

Under Dodd-Frank, the FDIC received powers to resolve a failing financial company that poses a significant risk to the financial stability of the U.S. Some ways the FDIC may resolve a too-big-to-fail entity include dividing and securitizing assets; create a bridge company to maintain critical functions until winding down is complete; putting assets into a covered bond if legislation passes allowing as much; or possibly creating a 'bad bank' and funneling assets to it.

"If appointed as receiver for a failing systemic financial company, the FDIC has broad authority under the Dodd-Frank Act to operate or liquidate the business, sell the assets, and resolve the liabilities of the company immediately after its appointment as receiver or as soon as conditions make this appropriate," Chairman Shelia Bair said. "The ability to act quickly and decisively has been found to reduce losses to creditors while maintaining key banking services for depositors and businesses."

Bair said the FDIC has struck a balance between protecting its fund balance and a more transparent securitization market. And the safe harbor rule is consistent with the Dodd-Frank mandate that calls for a 5% risk-retention requirement for  loans lacking "sufficiently strong underwriting standards…to counter incentives for lax lending created by the originate-to-distribute model."

"The FDIC is seriously harming the federal government’s ability to exit the U.S. housing market and reestablish a private mortgage market," according to Tom Deutsch, executive director of the American Securitization Forum. "Securitization is key to virtually every plan for reducing the role of the GSE’s, including Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, and restoring a private housing market."

But today's extension of safe harbor "will make it extremely difficult for new bank-sponsored securitizations to occur" and "disrupt contractually scheduled repayments of investments in the case of a bank failure," he said.

Although Bair thinks otherwise.

"We want the securitization market to come back," she said. "But in a way that is characterized by strong disclosure requirements for investors, good loan quality, accurate documentation, better oversight of servicers, and incentives to assure that assets are managed in a way that maximizes value for investors as a whole."

Deutsche said institutional investors, such as pension funds and mutual funds, stand to lose the most from today’s actions by the FDIC. He also said the FDIC action will push securitization to unregulated non-bank organizations, and the agency is acting "ahead of other regulators in an uncoordinated manner," which could create confusion in the marketplace.

Write to Jason Philyaw.

Monday, September 27th, 2010

Fannie Mae launched a new product over the weekend that provides automated data checks at every point along the origination application process. EarlyCheck and is another part of the government sponsored enterprise's Loan Quality Initiative, designed to prevent bad loans from being funded and put into the marketplace.

Between 2005 and 2007, many of the loans originated did not meet crucial standards set by the GSEs. Banks are now being forced to repurchase those loans. But director of the Federal Housing Finance Agency, Edward DeMarco, said in his congressional speech two weeks ago that the GSEs had more than $11 billion in outstanding repurchase requests at the end of the second quarter. Fitch Ratings predicted in August that the buyback amount for just the big four banks could reach $180 billion.

As discussed at the Mortgage Bankers Association mortgage operations conference last week, EarlyCheck's main initiative is to eliminate the occurrence of repurchases in the future. The program will will alert the lender of 'fatal errors' regarding social security checks, occupancy checks, data integrity, loan-to-value calculation and eligibility that need to be revised before they can submit the application (some examples in graph below):

EarlyCheck can be used across all business channels and supports all underwriting methods. Although EarlyCheck is an optional service, it is highly regarded by the GSEs. An application is very likely to be approved if it has gone through the EarlyCheck system. If the application produces multiple red flags, or fatal errors, however, the whole process can be run again until all flags are taken care of.

EarlyCheck supports loans in the post-closing stage through the pre-delivery stage.

Write to Christine Ricciardi.

Monday, September 27th, 2010

Fairway Independent Mortgage Corporation announced today its plans to act as a fulfillment services provider to financial institutions all over the country. The mortgage banking firm welcomes lenders, both big and small, to use its mortgage suite comprised of four different business solutions Fairway provides.

The first is Fairway Advantage, an entry level participation program for originators who only want to provide minimal documentation, such as a loan application, credit and income documentation and rate quotes. Fairway processes and underwrites the loan, reviews title documents and prepares the closing package.

The second solution is Fairway Direct which supports originators with little lending experience by processing loan applications, underwriting a loan, reviewing title documents and preparing the closing package.

Fairway Traditional offers lenders a third-party originator service in which Fairway will prepare all closing documents, schedule the closing date and fund the loan. Lenders  take care of the origination process up to the closing point.

The last option, Fairway Correspondent, offers Fairway as a research firm in that they perform credit and collateral analysis for lenders who choose to fund their own loans through bank deposits or warehouse lines of credit. Fairway will ready the loan for closing as well as document it post-closing and deliver the loan in to the secondary market.

"In the current financial climate, many smaller financial institutions want to offer mortgage loans to their customers yet lack the resources and infrastructure to take loans from origination to the secondary market. Meanwhile, many larger lenders are looking to offload some of their overhead to cut costs," said Dan Cutaia, president of capital markets and risk management for Fairway Independent Mortgage. "Given our strong capital resources, we can help both groups."

Last year, Fairway Independent Mortgage funded more than $3.5 billion in mortgage loans and said it is on track to exceed that in 2010. The rollout of Fairway's mortgage suite follows a decision to enter the warehouse lending space after having its most successful year on record.

Write to Christine Ricciardi.

Monday, September 27th, 2010

Connecticut Attorney General Richard Blumenthal is probing GMAC Mortgage, one of the nation's largest servicers of home loans, over what he claims are "defective foreclosure documents" filed in Connecticut.

Mr. Blumenthal is demanding that GMAC Mortgage, a unit of Ally Financial Inc., freeze all foreclosures in the state. Ally Financial is majority-owned by the U.S. government.

"The bank's apparent failure to follow basic legal procedure—a potential fraud on the court—is appalling and unacceptable," Mr. Blumenthal said. "Our investigation will enable strong legal action against GMAC/Ally, if warranted by the facts and the law. I will fight to assure the banks comply with clear legal requirements that protect homeowners from unfair foreclosures of their homes."

Monday, September 27th, 2010

The US government is in danger of missing its deadline of divesting all of its Citigroup shares by the year-end after a fall in stock market trading volumes prompted authorities to slow down sales in July and August.

The lull could prompt the US Treasury, which has a stake of about 17 per cent in Citi, to consider a share offering instead of selling the stock in small quantities in the market, according to bankers and analysts.

“The sales of Citigroup stock have slowed way down in July and August … The US Treasury will not finish its share sale by … the end of the year,” said Linus Wilson, a professor of finance at the University of Louisiana. “The only option for the Treasury if it wants to exit Citigroup before the year-end seems to be to conduct a large secondary offering of the stake.”

Monday, September 27th, 2010

Bank of America Merrill Lynch analysts believe the federal government should begin investing in distressed real estate directly through a second round of the Public-Private Investment Program to reduce the shadow inventory of properties.

The original PPIP was a coordinated effort between the Treasury Department, the Federal Reserve System and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. to hold real estate assets off bank balance sheets in order to free up credit lines. Through July, the government has invested in more than $22.4 billion in the PPIP.

But while BofA Merrill Lynch analysts called the program a success for driving up the value of residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities, they said PPIP 2.0 would be critical to reduce homeownership rates, the amount of delinquent and foreclosed homes in the shadow inventory, and increase the value of real property.

Homeownership rates dropped to 66.9% in the second quarter, according to the Census Bureau. BofA Merrill Lynch analysts said the adjustment to a more natural 62% to 64% rate is under way. Converting another 3 to 4 million homeowners to renters would be required to get there.

At $200,000 a property, it would cost between $600 billion and $800 billion to make that reduction.

Initial targets for the program would be the 5.5 million delinquent borrowers.

"Despite all modification efforts directed at this group, we think it is probably only a matter of time before these many homeowners are no longer homeowners," according to the report.

Clearing up more room for credit through PPIP 2.0 would also benefit a market that is seeing record-low sales and possibly a lower levels in the future.

The analysts assumed the second round of PPIP would fund up to $400 billion worth of homes, and private capital would compete for the remaining stock of the shadow inventory. Sales of distressed properties are set to peak in 2011 at 2.3 million transactions before falling to more normal levels at 850,000 in 2016, according to a report from John Burns Real Estate Consulting.

Using a group of property management companies, the analysts suggest the Treasury could keep these properties off the market for five to 10 years, allowing demand for housing to re-emerge.

Analysts did admit funding for the program would be difficult, considering the Troubled Asset Relief Program is set to expire Oct. 3, and further bailouts would be detrimental to any politician in the current climate.

"To put it mildly, in spite of its successes, TARP has not been particularly popular. We believe reauthorizing this type of spending on even a limited basis would be next to impossible, at least until after the upcoming election," according to the report.

Write to Jon Prior.



Origination/Lending
Kenneth Bacon, executive vice president of the Fannie Mae multifamily mortgage business, is retiring after 18 years at the mortgage...

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Servicing/Default
The serious delinquency rate for Federal Housing Administration mortgages reached 9.6% in December, the highest level in more than two...

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