Archive for January, 2010
"And I promise to every Floridian that you will all be RICH!! Because we're gonna print some more money! Why didn't anybody ever think of this before??!!" — Nathan Explosion, Metalocalypse
In this episode for the Adult Swim animated series, the front man of Dethklok — an unrealistically high-earning metal band described as the "world's seventh largest economy" — feels as newly-elected governor of Florida that his quantitative easing approach to a slumping economy will deliver huge results.
This is followed quickly in the next shot with the newspaper headline: New Florida Currency Worthless. And for the rest of the episode, things begin to get really bad.
Now, I'm playing devil's advocate here, as quantitative easing is not exactly the same as printing money, as the Bank of England explains in its pamphlet, and it doesn't really create money, either, so much as momentum:
But it is meant to spark the economy, and here in the United States, several reports in the press point to the dollar as unable, from a logistics perspective, to perform this task alone.
The most common report is that Chinese investors simply can not find anymore dollars to buy. Another is the call for another currency for use in trading. But yet it becomes harder to make this point when the dollar is suddenly surging this week on the back of Euro-strains (Greece is struggling to rescue itself and dragging the currency) and stronger Pound movement (Kraft is buying Cadbury's for a reported $20bn). And of course, where the Dollar goes, the Yen follows. And this is a remarkable testament to the currency as Japan Airlines (JAL) just went bankrupt, and miraculously, the corporate bond world suddenly seems hedged.
According to Fitch commentary on the subject, both high-yields and CDOs seem secure: "Exposure to JAL in these transactions is limited due to a combination of JAL's speculative credit grade and minimal exposure to high yield corporate credits from the Asia-Pacific region within Fitch-rated synthetic CDOs."
Printing more money in the wake of such speculation would be foolhardy, though smarter minds than my own have suggested that a more aggressive monetary policy could have prevented the Great Depression. Therefore, this suggestion of a new financials-linked currency remains an unsettled solution, which Paul Krugman also acknowledges.
While I applaud Krugman for introducing the Optimal Currency Theory and such, I'm not sure a viable alternative doesn't already exist. In fact, I'm pretty sure continued efforts to back stop the Asset-Backed Commercial Paper market — which are ending as the Fed winds down its rescues in the commercial paper market (Google AMLF and CPFF, and see what you get) — require a complete rethink. These facilities, as evidenced below, did little to return vibrancy to the market.
For those who can't be bothered, commercial paper is an IOU from a bank that is normally collateralized by trade receivables. In terms of short term financing, it's a pretty tight ship, though it is not without its risks (the dollar remains backed by the US, after all).
Consider this graph from Credit Suisse (click for a larger version):
ABCP was once a $1.2trn market. Imagine $1.2trn in liquidity flowing between banks.
That's some serious short term liquidity power, and it works in other markets as well. Strangely enough, in going through some of my past files, I found the below chart from Moody's Investors Service, dated February 2007, which shows the European ABCP market at $227bn (click for a larger version).
Of course banks stopped lending to one another, and the Structured Investment Vehicles, the heavy investors in short-term paper who mismatch assets and liabilities with long term debt, are now out of the space altogether. As bank-to-bank credit dried up, so followed consumer credit. But what's important here is that the ABCP market was able to wind down in an orderly fashion.
Yet it remains on the cusp, with some real speed bumps in the way. By the end of last week, the Credit Suisse ABCP trading desk said: "Flows seemed to slow down; however, the top programs seemed to benefit from seemingly endless demand, with investors even buying for spot settlement (two days forward) to lock in product. On Friday, the market was faced with a triple whammy of technicals (Treasuries settled, Corporate Tax day, and the beginning of the three day Holiday weekend) which made for a slow day."
ABCP is a hardened market. It's been tried and tested. And it's capable of winning, though currently demand completely outweighs supply. Nonetheless, I have to ask, why spend time starting something new when something else will already work just fine?
Real estate borrowers are leading the rally in U.S. corporate bonds as investors add to bets property companies will weather an increase in commercial mortgage defaults.
Bonds sold by real-estate investment trusts, shopping-mall owners and office landlords have gained 3.27 percent this month, exceeding 3.18 percent for all of the fourth quarter, and BBB rated commercial mortgage bonds returned 3.59 percent, according to Bank of America Merrill Lynch indexes.
Bank of China is emerging as one of the largest non-US banks investing in the troubled US commercial property sector, and its local bankers are scouring the market for new deals.
With most US banks paralysed and the market for commercial mortgage-backed securities frozen, foreign banks are now providing more than 60 percent of all debt financing for commercial real estate, according to data from CB Richard Ellis.
Xiaojing Li, Bank of China’s general manager for the US, says: “Our Beijing head office is encouraging overseas branches to get into the local lending business as long as we control the risk.”
Bank of China has no non-performing loans in real estate, Mr Li says, thanks to conservative guidelines.
The data is an estimate provided to the writer of the original story in the Financial Times.
The end of the Federal Reserve's program to buy mortgages backed by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac could have a ripple effect on the market for U.S. government bonds.
Once the Fed stops buying mortgage-backed securities at the end of March, private buyers will need to step in and take over in a market that the government has propped up since the financial crisis reached its peak. But they won't want to buy MBS unless the securities offer a better return than the current rate, so mortgage rates will likely rise.
Dozens of lenders at an industry conference this week said they wanted to increase funding for U.S. commercial real estate, now in a steep downturn due to the lack of credit and poor economy.
But the loans they were willing to make weren't the ones that were most needed, leaving many borrowers to struggle, said sources who attended a closed meeting on Tuesday.
Despite a concerted effort by the Obama administration to rebuild the housing market, it continues to languish. The government's Home Affordable Modification Program (HAMP) failed to stymie foreclosures last year, and 2010 may not be any better.
Instead of declining, the number of foreclosed homes in the United States last year increased to a record 2.8 million, a 21% rise over 2008 and 120% over 2007, according to RealtyTrac. Foreclosures in the fourth quarter jumped 18% over the same period last year.















