Schwarzman on how we got here from there
By: HousingWire staff
September 25, 2008 7:56 AM CST
Via the Wall Street Journal, Blackstone chairman Stephen Schwarzman put out perhaps the single most-succint description of a complex mess we’ve seen yet:
It’s a perfect storm. It started with Congress encouraging lending to lower-income people. You went from subprime loans being 2% of total loans in 2002 to 30% of total loans in 2006. That kind of enormous increase swept into the net people who shouldn’t have been borrowing.
Those loans were packaged into CDOs rated AAA, which led the investment-banking firms [buying them] to do little to no due diligence, and the securities were distributed throughout the world, where they started defaulting.
When they started defaulting, out of bad luck or bad judgment, we implemented fair value accounting….You had wildly different marks for this kind of security, which led to massive write-offs by the commercial banking and investment-banking system.
In the face of those losses…you needed to raise new equity…which came from sovereign-wealth funds in part, which then caused political resistance to sovereign-wealth funds, who predictably have withdrawn from putting money into the system….It seemed pretty obvious that would happen. We now find ourselves with a liquidity crisis where fundamentally the cost of money for financial intermediaries [such as investment banks] is significantly in excess of their cost of lending it. So several institutions found themselves in a structurally impossible position. We had a series of bankruptcies, whether Bear Stearns or Lehman, or forced sales like Merrill. Goldman reverted to a banking charter for a lower cost of funds, which today is still not low enough for the business.
So that’s the story of how we got there.
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September 25th, 2008 2:03 pm by OilyGasMiner
Great summary by Schwarzman. However I find that the loan packages is what really triggered things to head in a spiral direction. Ok, think about this for a moment, bad loans were being wrapped up with good loans, and still the credit rating was not affected. My question then is how were the credit ratings being assessed. IMO if the credit ratings did as intended and indicated the truly creditworthiness of the newly packaged bonds, we could avoided a lot of the contagion that has been occurring. It is my position that the GOV needs to revisit there credit rating system to address this issue. Because even we get in the clear and things are peachy again, if we repeat this process of combining bad debt + good debt and not adjusting the credit rating we are back to square one. I read a post today that also hit this point home. It indicated that the U.S. needs to face the harsh reality that with:
• its cumulative National Debt and current fiscal budget deficit levels;
• its loss in manufacturing jobs;
• an over-extended consumer base; and,
• its enormous and ‘each month growing’ trade deficits (which at the end of August stood at an approximate cumulative U.S.$6.9 trillion, increasing at a rate of approximately U.S.$60 billion each month) it is now, and will increasingly become, DEPENDENT on its trading partners.
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September 25th, 2008 8:36 pm by Keith Gregory
I am getting a bit tired of hearing how this subprime crisis was caused by the government which encouraged lending to poorer borrowers.
Did the government force Wall Street to create triple A MBS & CDOs to sell? Was the government there, encouraging loose underwriting of loan files?
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September 28th, 2008 2:08 pm by PAUL JACKSON
Keith - It’s more what the government didn’t do than what it did, IMHO. Since the 1992 election, housing has been seen as a pet political project, with nearly every administration pushing “expanding homeownership” as a platform. None perhaps more so than the current Bush regime, who pushed “the Ownership Society” and pushed for lax lending standards at the FHA as well as prodding the private sector to make questionable loans in the name of increasing the nation’s homeownership rate, relaxing regulation in the process to enable it to happen.
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September 28th, 2008 7:47 pm by Andy Johnston
I enjoy the Republican attempt to pin this all on the Democrats. Who was in office and controlled congress during the bubble? The Community Reinvestment Act wasn’t causing MBS issuance to skyrocket and it could have been amended at anytime during a Republican controlled Presidency, House and Senate. I think the amazing feat of the Republican spin machine is to try to cast this issue as resting at the feet of the poor. Orange County, CA, Las Vegas, Phoenix, Miami and other foreclosure hotspots are not the realm of project housing and hourly workers trying to buy their first house. It’s a huge upswing in speculative buying with short term ARMs, negative amortization “option ARMs” and other extremely risky mortgages made by middle to upper income borrowers that are truly breaking the system. Fitch, Moody’s and S&P assumed those borrowers, for the most part, knew what they were doing and that the housing system would absorb the historically small percentage of those that didn’t. Nobody championed cheap credit and home ownership like George W. Bush. To claim now he was in favor of tighter regulation then is laughable.
If it turns out that issuing a loan to buy a house is such an economically critical act, then in no way should we ever allow a system like private party mortgage securitization to return. If taxpayer money is on the line to bail out bad investments on these loans, then only the Government’s strict regulation should control origination and securitization going forward. I kind of always thought we had this system of pricing risk and reward in place - between the GSEs and Primary Mortgage Insurance. But I suppose I should have been betting the government would bail out my bad bets too and gone long some ridiculously obtuse CDO^2 based on no-doc loans to Orange County McMansion ARMs. They’re A rated, paying me 12% and they’re too big to fail!!! -
September 30th, 2008 8:13 am by Bill Krueger
CRA is a strawman for those looking to place blame. CRA has been around for 20 years, yet we just now have this problem? I am no fan of ACORN, but all the promises made by financial institutions for affordable housing during the last consolodation, provides mixed results. For example, BofA escaped the housing problem but they bowed to the affordable housing crowd in the past by pledging billions in low income services for the merger creating BofA.
IMHO, it is a systemic issue where the credit rating agencies are paid by the people issuing the bonds. This is a simple conflict of interest, anyone else would would have had a significant issue with this arrangement.
Likewise, you had a number of PhDs in chemistry and Physics building models on limited time series housing and loan data, or rather, ignoring the FHA’s historical default and severity figures to claim this new Subprime version would act more like Prime owner occupied loans than historical FHA loans.
I heard many “old timers” beginning in late 2004 say things were out of control compared to historical benchmarks. Yet The Street continued to generate all new sorts of MBS and CDO structures until early 2007 when New Century and Ameriquest failed.
Sorry, but this is a simple story of greed and those institutions, firms and individuals charged with acting in a fidicuary duty failing to perform their duties. The problem has just been exacerbated by other problems with the American consumer. FYI, look at the Fed’s historical figures of consumer debt as a percentage of income, new all time highs set every year since 2004.
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September 30th, 2008 4:07 pm by Michael Blomquist
This SUCKS! What a joke!
Paulson should be removed from office immediately, disgorged and convicted.
One of the biggest crooks in the history of the world is our Treasury Secretary and will be in charge of concealing his crimes…I mean fixing our crisis.
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